The rotation of stress-bearing groups

The measure as written

The rule of POWER STRUGGLE AND ITS PREVENTION:

"An individual must respect the command and control at every level to prevent power struggle and ensure smooth transfer in an ideal society."

Under the heading "Benefit of the Society (as a whole)", the benefit is set by the stress:

There is always a set amount of benefit that must be administered to the groups in accordance with the stress on the society, i.e. not every group gets the same amount, but the needs and environmental conditions determine the set amount rather than personal inclination. ... Ultimately, the relief is transferred to the required group while the stress is divided among different groups, and the whole process is far from personal inclination (i.e. need is the basic cause in this situation).

Under "Stress determines the benefit", it names the groups that bear the stress:

A perfect model has a rotation of stress-bearing groups (the ones capable of nullifying the excess stress, i.e. satisfying the need of the hour). Let us consider that there is a group in need (of any kind of support); different capable groups are coordinated to divert the resources or benefits they were receiving to provide a helping hand in order to nullify the stress (note that the stress is divided among the stress-bearing groups). (The groups and their rotation are decided by the capable governing individuals at the level concerned, in line with the needs and the environmental conditions.)

and under "Rotation of stress-bearing groups", it gives the rotation and the measure:

This must not be a permanent relationship; with time, the groups must be rotated to include other ones if the stress persists for longer. If at times the stress is overwhelming (like in situations that are non-ideal or there is some disaster), then there is a rotation of responsibility while the stress mostly remains constant, e.g. if there is a famine in some area, then there must be relocation of the population or adequate provision of food from other areas. Benefits administered to stress-bearing groups are diverted in a rotational manner (i.e. some proportion is involved initially, then the responsibility passes to other groups, and so on in a cyclic process). To conclude this point, a lump-sum benefit of the society is a dynamic provision of benefits regulated by needs and environmental conditions rather than personal prioritization or a demand for a constant flow of benefits. (In practice, the stress can be divided among the capable groups in proportion to their capacity, and the turns of rotation can be scheduled in advance so that no group carries it for too long, while a yearly check shows whether any group is being overloaded.)

In THE EQUILIBRIUM OF DESIRE AND NECESSITY, under "Stress-Relieving Strategy", the burden is sized first, and its dividing is left to POWER STRUGGLE AND ITS PREVENTION:

(To achieve the equilibrium, the overall burden level of the society must be calculated, i.e. through the Participation to Burden ratio, to divide it in an appropriate way, i.e. among the stress-bearing groups by rotation; see POWER STRUGGLE AND ITS PREVENTION.)

This sub-section measures the dividing of the stress as it was given: among the groups capable of bearing it, in proportion to their capacity, in turns, with a yearly check of whether any group is being overloaded.

What it measures, in plain words

When a group is in need, "different capable groups are coordinated" to help it, and the stress is divided among them. The measure asks which groups bear the stress in a society today, how the load is divided among them, and whether it passes from one to another.

The stress-bearing groups are the professions: farmers, construction workers and every prominent profession of one kind. These are the groups among which the load is shifted from one to the other, turn by turn.

A doctor is not asked to build a building; he cannot, as it is not his profession. Each need is met by the profession whose work it is, and the work stays with that profession. What passes from one group to another is the benefit: the capable groups "divert the resources or benefits they were receiving", and the "Benefits administered to stress-bearing groups are diverted in a rotational manner". So the load on a profession has two sides: the work it gives, and the benefit it receives for that work.

What is measured.

· The groups. The professions of a society, each made up of the people who do one kind of work: farming, forestry and fishing; construction; manufacturing; transport; trade; health and care; education; public administration and defence; and the rest, as the society's own survey of its workers sorts them. A profession is prominent when it holds at least 2% of the society's workers. The professions that meet the NEPs are marked, as in the worth level: farming, forestry and fishing; power, water and waste; construction; public administration and defence (organization, security and peace); education; health and care; and household service.

· The load on each. The hours a week that a worker of that profession actually works.

· An even division. The stress is divided among the capable groups "in proportion to their capacity". A profession's capacity is the number of its workers, so the load is divided in proportion to capacity when the workers of every profession work as many hours as the society's average worker. Each profession's load is read against that average: 1.00 is an even share.

· The benefit for an hour. What a profession receives for an hour of its work, read as the work of others that its pay can command, against the society's average. Inside one society, every unit of pay commands the same work, so this is the profession's share of all the pay of the society's employees, against its share of all their hours. 1.00 is the average; below it, the profession gives its work for less than the average benefit, and above it, for more. No money figure is shown, and nothing is carried from one society or one year to another.

· The turns. The yearly check, on both sides: which profession carries the most work each year, and which receives the least and which the most for an hour; for how many years in a row the same one does; and how far the order of all the professions changes from one year to the next.

· The disaster year. Each profession's share of all the hours worked in the society (its workers times their hours a week), and its benefit for an hour, in a year of disaster against the years before and after it: whether the responsibility passes to the professions that the stress calls for, and whether the benefits of the capable groups are diverted to them.

· The overload. For the NEP professions, the measure of the worth level: the hours of the profession's own work, together with the unpaid NEP work its workers also do at home, against the set point, the NEP hours needed from each capable adult.

Read in hours of work and in shares. The work is read in hours a week of a worker, and the benefit in the work that pay commands, as a share inside one society, both from each society's own survey; no money figure is used as a scale.

How to read the result. Say a profession shows 1.20: its workers work a fifth more hours a week than the society's average worker, so it carries more than its share of the load. Five points keep the reading true to what was written:

· When every profession is at 1.00, the load is divided evenly. A profession far above it, year after year, is a group that carries the stress "for too long".

· A profession that works more hours than the average worker and receives less than the average for an hour bears the stress on both sides: in its work and in its benefit.

· As each profession does the work of its own kind, the same profession may carry the most hours year after year; the turn is in the benefit. The load is turned when the professions that give up benefit change from year to year. When the same ones receive the least for an hour year after year, and the same ones the most, the load is not turned, and the relationship has become what was ruled out: "This must not be a permanent relationship".

· When the stress is overwhelming, as in a disaster, the responsibility passes to the groups that can meet "the need of the hour"; in a famine, "adequate provision of food from other areas". The check is whether those professions carry a larger share of all the hours worked in such a year, and whether their benefit for an hour rises with it, as the capable groups divert theirs.

· Against the set point, a result above 1 means that the profession's workers give more NEP hours than the hours needed from each capable adult. ARE YOU A WORTHFUL PERSON? calls such individuals forced worthful ideals, "forced to participate more than the standard participation level", and in an ideal society they "must be virtually zero".

How we measured it

The measures. Each profession's work is read in hours a week, and its benefit as a share inside one society; no figure is carried from one society to another, and no money figure is used as a scale.

· The professions. The sections of economic activity of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC, Revision 4), as each society's own survey of its workers sorts them, through the International Labour Organization (ILOSTAT): the people in work in each section, and the hours they actually worked a week in their main job. Power, and water and waste, are joined into one profession, their hours weighted by their workers. The surveys: the Current Population Survey (United States), the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (Brazil), the Labour Force Sample Survey (Egypt), the Periodic Labour Force Survey (India), the Labour Force Survey (Russia), the General Household Survey for the hours and the Labour Force Survey for the workers (Nigeria), and the official estimates of the National Bureau of Statistics (China: urban areas, full-time workers, one month of each year).

· The load and an even division. The hours a week of each profession's workers, against the hours of the society's average worker in the same survey and year.

· The benefit for an hour. The average monthly pay of the profession's employees against that of all the society's employees, divided by the hours a week they actually worked against those of all its employees (International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT, from the same surveys): the profession's share of all the employees' pay against its share of their hours. Russia's pay comes from its survey of establishments, and its hours from its Labour Force Survey. China's records give the pay of the employees of urban units by profession but not their hours, so for China the benefit is read for a month.

· The turns. In each measured year, the most-loaded profession among those with at least 2% of the workers (in China, whose estimates give no workers by profession, among all of them); the longest run of years with the same one at the top; and how alike the order of all the professions is from one year to the next, read as a rank agreement (1 means the same order). The same is read for the benefit: the professions receiving the least and the most for an hour, among the same prominent professions.

· The disaster year. 2020, the year of the pandemic that struck all seven: each profession's workers times their hours a week, as a share of the same over all the professions, and its benefit for an hour, in 2019, 2020 and 2021.

· The overload. For the NEP professions, in the latest year: the profession's hours a week, together with the unpaid NEP work (cooking, cleaning, care) that employed women and employed men do, joined by the share of women among its workers (the same surveys), against the set point of the worth level; the unpaid work and the set point are those of Part 3.

Measured years only. Each year is read from its own survey; no year is carried to another. The United States from 2010 to 2025, Brazil from 2012 to 2025, Egypt from 2010 to 2024 (without 2014), Russia from 2017 to 2025, India from 2018 to 2025, China from 2010 to 2014 and in 2016, and Nigeria in 2024. The surveys of the United States (2020, 2025), Brazil (2012) and Egypt (2016, 2024) revised their method in some years; their hours are read as published. China's overload is not measured, as its estimates give no workers by profession or by sex. Nigeria has one year, so its turns are not read. The benefit is read in the years with both the pay and the hours of employees: the United States, Brazil and India from 2018 to 2025, Egypt from 2018 to 2024, Russia in 2019 and 2021, and Nigeria in 2024; for China, the pay from 2015 to 2022.

Checks.

· The professions' hours, weighted by their workers, give the survey's own hours of the average worker within 0.2 hours a week, in every society and year.

· With 5% of the workers as the line for a prominent profession, the most-loaded one stays the same in every year in the United States (manufacturing) and Russia (construction); in Brazil, Egypt and India it is one of two, trade or transport. With 1%, smaller professions, each with under 2% of the workers, come to the top in most years in the United States and India.

· Employees alone (the hours actually worked per employee) give the same most-loaded profession in every year from 2018 in the United States, Russia and Brazil, and in six of the seven years in Egypt. In India the top passes among trade, transport, and lodging and food service, which lie within 0.05 of each other.

· The benefit read for a month instead of an hour gives the same professions receiving the least and the most in every year in the United States, Russia, Brazil and India. In Egypt, other services take the place of trade as the least in some years, and in Nigeria other services take the place of manufacturing.

What the seven societies show

The load is read in the latest year: 2025 for the United States, Russia, Brazil and India, 2024 for Egypt and Nigeria, and 2016 for China. Against the set point, the range runs over the NEP professions of each society.

What each profession receives for an hour of its work, against the society's average (1.00), in the latest year:

*China: for a month. The seven professions of Brazil: manufacturing, construction, trade, transport, lodging and food service, administrative and support, and other services.

The load is not turned, in work or in benefit. In every society measured over more than one year, the same profession carried the most hours, year after year: manufacturing in the United States in all 16 years, transport in Brazil in all 14, mining in Russia in all 9, lodging and food service in China in all 6 and in Egypt in 13 of 14, and transport in India in 7 of 8. The order of all the professions hardly changes: from one year to the next it agrees at 0.96 to 0.99 in five of the six, and at 0.82 in Egypt. The most-loaded profession works 4% (Russia) to 25% (India) more hours a week than the average worker, and in Nigeria, in its one year, about a third more. As each profession does the work of its own kind, this alone does not show that the load stays where it is; the benefit shows it. In every society, the same profession received the least for an hour in every measured year, and the same one the most, and the order of all the professions by their benefit hardly changes from one year to the next (0.94 to 1.00). The professions that work more hours than the average worker and receive less than the average for an hour are also the same, year after year: in Brazil seven professions with 57% of its workers, in Egypt 32%, in India 31%, in Nigeria 27% and in the United States 14%.

The NEP professions carry more than the set point. By paid hours alone, they are not the most loaded: farming, forestry and fishing is the least loaded profession in five of the seven, at 0.78 (Nigeria) to 0.90 (Egypt), while in India it holds 41.5% of all the workers. But with the unpaid NEP work that their workers also do at home, the NEP professions give more hours than the set point, the hours needed from each capable adult: from 1.27 times (construction, India) to 2.14 times (health and care, Brazil). Of the six societies measured, only farming in Nigeria is below it, at 0.95, where the set point is the highest of the seven, 45 hours a week.

The disaster year. In 2020, the share of all the hours worked that is carried by public administration and defence rose in all five societies measured over those years. The share of health and care rose in four: in the United States from 13.8% to 14.1%, in Brazil from 5.5% to 6.0%, in Egypt from 3.2% to 3.6% and in India from 1.5% to 1.7% (in Russia it stayed at 7.7%). The share of farming, forestry and fishing also rose in four: in India from 36.3% to 39.9% and in Brazil from 8.6% to 9.4% (in Egypt it fell, from 20.1% to 19.0%). The load passed through more workers, not longer hours: the hours a week of a health worker fell or held in all five, in the United States from 37.3 to 36.9 and in Egypt from 44.0 to 42.6. In 2021, the share of public administration and defence fell back in all five, and that of farming in India to 38.7%; the share of health and care held. A share also rises when other work stops: lodging and food service lost the most in the United States (1.0 point) and in Brazil (1.2 points), and in the United States finance gained the most (0.5 points). The benefit did not follow the work. In 2020, farming, forestry and fishing received less for an hour in all five societies with a benefit measured over those years (China for a month): in India from 0.54 to 0.45 of the average and in Brazil from 0.55 to 0.53, while its share of the work rose in both. Health and care received more only in India, from 1.10 to 1.20, and 1.06 in 2021. The professions receiving the most kept or raised theirs: information and communication in the United States (1.46 to 1.47) and in China (1.59 to 1.75), education in India (1.40 to 1.55) and construction in Egypt (1.20 to 1.35); only in Brazil did they give up a little (public administration and defence 1.93 to 1.87, finance and insurance 2.10 to 2.05). Nigeria has no measured years around 2020, and Russia's benefit is measured only in 2019 and 2021.

By this measure, the stress in the seven societies is not divided in turns. Each profession keeps its own work, as it must, but the benefit is not turned either: the same professions receive the least for an hour, and the same ones the most, year after year, and the NEP professions give more than the set point everywhere except farming in Nigeria. A disaster moves part of the work, through more workers, to public administration and defence, health and care, and farming, but the benefit does not follow it: in all but one society, the groups receiving the most keep what they receive, and the farmers receive less.